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1 brink
nкрай, грань -
2 próg
-ogu, -ogi; instr sg - ogiem; m(domu, drzwi) doorstep, threshold; (przen: życia, dojrzałości) threshold; SPORT take-off board* * *mi-o-1. ( przy drzwiach) threshold, doorsill; próg bólu pain threshold; próg pobudliwości psych. limen; próg podatkowy tax threshold; próg słyszalności fiz. audibility l. hearing threshold; gościnne progi open door; domowe progi one's own home and country; już od progu right from the door; u progu wojny at the brink of war; u progu śmierci at death's door; zima za progiem winter is coming l. is near; przekroczyć próg czyjegoś domu cross sb's threshold; nie wyszedłem za próg przez trzy dni I haven't been l. gone out for three days; I haven't left home for three days.2. geol. fault scrap, fault ledge; ( rzeczny) chute, cataract.3. muz. ( gitary) fret.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > próg
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3 policy
n1) политика; политический курс; стратегия; система; ( towards smth) позиция•to abandon policy — отходить / отказываться от политики
to adhere to policy — придерживаться политики; быть верным какой-л. политике
to administer policy — проводить политику; осуществлять политику
to adopt policy — принимать политику, брать на вооружение политический курс
to back down from policy — отказываться от какой-л. политики
to be at odds with policy — противоречить какой-л. политике
to be committed to one's policy — быть приверженным своей политике
to be wary about smb's policy — настороженно относиться к чьему-л. политическому курсу
to break away from smb's policy — отходить от чьей-л. политики
to camouflage one's policy — маскировать свою политику
to carry out / to carry through policy — проводить политику
to champion policy — защищать / отстаивать политику
to conflict with smb's policy — противоречить чьей-л. политике
to coordinate one's policy over smth — координировать свою политику в каком-л. вопросе
to cover up one's policy — маскировать свою политику
to decide policy — определять политику, принимать политические решения
to develop / to devise policy — разрабатывать политику
to dismantle one's policy — отказываться от своей политики
to dissociate oneself from smb's policy — отмежевываться от чьей-л. политики
to dither about one's policy — колебаться при проведении своей политики
to effect a policy of insurance — страховаться; приобретать страховой полис
to embark on / to embrace policy — принимать какой-л. политический курс
to execute / to exercise policy — проводить политику
to follow policy — следовать политике; проводить политику
to harmonize policy — координировать / согласовывать политику
to justify one's policy — оправдывать свою политику
to lay policy before the electorate for approval — излагать политический курс для его одобрения избирателями
to make clear one's policy — разъяснять свою политику
to overturn policy — отвергать политику, отказываться от какой-л. политики
to proclaim one's commitment to policy — публично обязываться проводить какую-л. политику
to propagate policy — пропагандировать / рекламировать политику
to put across smb's policy to smb — доводить свою политику до кого-л.
to railroad through one's policy — протаскивать свою политику
to reappraise one's policy — пересматривать свою политику
to reassess one's policy toward a country — пересматривать свою политику по отношению к какой-л. стране
to reconsider one's policy — пересматривать свою политику
to relax one's policy towards smb — смягчать свою политику по отношению к кому-л.
to rethink one's policy — пересматривать свою политику
to reverse one's policy — изменять свою политику
to shape policy — определять / разрабатывать политику
to spearhead one's policy — направлять острие своей политики
to spell out one's policy in advance — заранее излагать свою политику
to stick to a policy — придерживаться какой-л. политики
to thrash out policy — вырабатывать / обсуждать политику
to tone down one's more controversial policy — ограничивать свои менее популярные политические меры
- active policyto validate policy — поддерживать какую-л. политику / политическую линию
- adventurist policy
- adventuristic policy
- advocacy of policy
- advocate of policy
- aggressive policy
- agrarian policy
- agricultural policy
- alternative policy
- annexationist policy
- anti-inflationary policy
- anti-national policy
- anti-nuclear policy
- anti-recessionary policy
- appropriate policy
- architect of policy
- arms policy
- austere policy
- austerity policy
- autonomous policy
- balanced policy
- banking policy
- bankrupt policy
- basic policy
- beggar-my-neighbor policy
- bellicose policy
- big stick policy
- big-time policy
- bipartisan policy
- blind-eye policy
- bloc policy
- bomb-in-the-basement policy
- breach of policy
- bridge-building policy
- brinkmanship policy
- brink-of-war policy
- broad-brush policy
- budget policy
- cadres policy
- carrot and stick policy
- cautious policy
- centrist policy
- champion of policy
- change in policy
- change of emphasis in policy
- change of policy
- circumspect policy
- class policy
- clean-air policy
- closed-door trade policy
- coherent policy
- cold war policy
- colonial policy
- colonialist policy
- commercial policy
- commitment to policy of nonintervention
- common policy
- comprehensive national science and technology policy
- comprehensive set of policy
- concerted policy
- conduct of policy
- confrontation policy
- consistent policy
- containment policy
- continuity in policy
- continuity of policy
- continuity with smb's policy
- controversial policy
- coordinated policy
- cornerstone of policy
- counterproductive policy
- country's fundamental policy
- credible policy
- credit card policy
- credit policy
- crumbling policy
- cultural policy
- current policy
- damaging policy
- defeatist policy
- defense policy
- deflationary policy
- demilitarization policy
- democratic policy
- departure in policy
- destabilization policy
- deterrent policy
- development policy
- diametrically opposed policy
- dilatory policy
- diplomatic policy
- disarmament policy
- discretionary policy
- discriminatory policy
- disinflation policy
- distortion of policy
- divide-and-rule policy
- domestic policy
- dynamic policy
- economic and commercial policy
- economic policy
- embargo policy
- emigration policy
- emission policy
- employment policy
- energy policy
- environmental policy
- erroneous policy
- European policy
- even-handed policy
- expansionary policy
- expansionist policy
- experience of policy
- extreme right-wing policy
- fair policy
- farm policy
- far-reaching policy
- far-sighted policy
- federal policy
- financial policy
- firm policy
- fiscal policy
- flexible policy
- for reasons of policy
- foreign aid policy
- foreign policy
- foreign trade policy
- foreign-economic policy
- formation of foreign policy
- formulation of policy
- forward-looking policy
- framework for policy
- free trade policy
- general policy
- generous policy
- give-and-take policy
- global policy
- godfather to policy
- good neighbor policy
- government policy
- government's policy
- great-power policy
- green policy
- gunboat policy
- hands-off policy
- hard-line policy
- harmful policy
- harmonized policy
- health policy
- hegemonic policy
- high-risk policy
- home policy
- ill-thought-out policy
- imperial policy
- imperialist policy
- import policy
- import substitution policy
- in line with policy
- in the field of foreign policy
- inadmissibility of policy
- independent line of policy
- independent policy
- industrial policy
- inflationary policy
- inhuman policy
- instigatory policy
- insurance policy
- internal policy
- international policy
- internment policy
- interventionist policy
- intolerableness of policy
- investment policy
- iron-fist policy
- irreversible policy
- it's against our policy
- kid-glove policy
- labor mediation policy
- laissez-faire policy
- land policy
- language policy
- leash-loosening policy
- left-wing policy
- lending policy
- liberal policy
- liberalization of policy
- liberalized policy
- line of policy
- long-range policy
- long-term policy
- lunatic policy
- main plank of smb's policy
- major changes to policy
- manifestation of policy
- maritime policy
- marketing policy
- massive condemnation of smb's policy
- militaristic policy
- misconduct of policy
- mobile policy
- moderate policy
- monetarist policy
- monetary policy
- much-heralded policy
- mushy policy
- national policy
- nationalistic policy
- nationalities policy
- native policy
- nativist policy
- neo-colonialist policy
- NEP
- neutral policy
- neutrality policy
- New Economic Policy
- news policy
- nonaligned policy
- nonalignment policy
- noninterference policy
- nonintervention policy
- nonnuclear policy
- nuclear defense policy
- nuclear deterrent policy
- nuclear policy
- nuclear-free policy
- obstructionist policy
- official policy
- official trade policy
- oil policy
- old faces can't make new policy
- one-child-family policy
- one-sided policy
- open-door policy
- openly pursued policy
- opportunistic policy
- optimal policy
- ostrich policy
- ostrich-like policy
- outward-looking policy
- overall policy
- overtly racist policy
- parliamentary policy
- party policy
- passive policy
- pay-curb policy
- peace policy
- peaceful policy
- peace-loving policy
- personnel policy
- plunderous policy
- policy from positions of strength
- policy from strength
- policy in science and technology
- policy is bearing fruit
- policy is constitutional
- policy of a newspaper
- policy of aid
- policy of alliances
- policy of amicable cooperation with smb
- policy of appeasement
- policy of belt-tightening
- policy of capitulation
- policy of compromise
- policy of conciliation
- policy of confrontation
- policy of connivance
- policy of containment
- policy of cooperation
- policy of democracy and social progress
- policy of détente
- policy of deterrence
- policy of dictate
- policy of discrimination
- policy of economic blockade and sanctions
- policy of economy
- policy of elimination
- policy of expansion and annexation
- policy of fiscal rigor
- policy of freedom of expression
- policy of friendship
- policy of genocide
- policy of good-neighborliness
- policy of goodwill
- policy of inaction
- policy of intervention
- policy of intimidation
- policy of isolation
- policy of militarism
- policy of militarization
- policy of military confrontation
- policy of military force
- policy of national reconciliation
- policy of neutrality
- policy of nonalignment
- policy of noninterference
- policy of nonintervention
- policy of nonviolence
- policy of obstruction
- policy of openness
- policy of pacification
- policy of peace
- policy of peaceful co-existence
- policy of plunder
- policy of protectionism
- policy of racial segregation and discrimination
- policy of reconciliation
- policy of reform
- policy of reforms
- policy of regulating prices
- policy of renewal
- policy of restraint
- policy of revanche
- policy of revenge
- policy of subjugation
- policy of violence
- policy of wage restraint
- policy of war
- policy towards a country
- policy vis-à-vis a country
- policy with regard to a country
- policy won out
- political policy
- population policy
- position-of-strength policy
- practical policy
- predatory policy
- price control policy
- price-formation policy
- price-pricing policy
- pricing policy
- principled policy
- progressive policy
- proponent of policy
- protagonist of policy
- protectionist policy
- pro-war policy
- pro-Western policy
- public policy
- push-and-drag policy
- racial policy
- racist policy
- radical policy
- rapacious policy
- reactionary policy
- realistic policy
- reappraisal of policy
- reassessment of policy
- recession-induced policy
- reevaluation of policy
- reexamination of policy
- reform policy
- reformist policy
- regional policy
- renewal of policy
- re-orientation of policy
- repressive policy
- resettlement policy
- rethink of policy
- retrograde policy
- revanchist policy - revisionist policy
- rigid economic policy
- robust foreign policy
- ruinous policy
- safe policy
- sanctions policy
- scientifically substantiated policy
- scorched-earth policy
- selfless policy
- separatist policy - short-sighted policy
- single-child policy
- social policy
- socio-economic policy
- sound policy
- splitting policy
- state policy
- state remuneration of labor policy
- stated policy
- staunch policy
- sterile policy
- stick-and-carrot policy
- stringent policy
- strong policy
- structural policy
- suitable policy
- sustained policy
- sweeping review of policy
- switch in policy
- tariff policy
- tax policy
- taxation policy
- technological policy
- tight policy
- tightening of policy
- time-serving policy
- tough policy
- toughening of policy
- trade policy
- trade-unionist policy
- traditional policy
- treacherous policy
- turn in policy
- turning point in policy
- unified policy
- united policy
- unsophisticated policy
- U-turn in policy
- viability of policy
- vigorous policy
- vote-losing policy
- wage policy
- wage-freeze policy
- wages policy
- wait-and-see policy
- war-economy policy
- wealth-creating policy
- whip-and-carrot policy
- wise policy
- world policy
- zigzags in policy -
4 политика политик·а
(политическая деятельность, курс) policy; (политические события) politicsвырабатывать политику — to make / elaborate policy
заниматься политикой — to deal in / to be engaged in politics, to politicize
критиковать чью-л. политику — to assault / to criticize smb.'s policy
навязать стране какую-л. политику — to force / to impose a policy on a country
одобрять чью-л. политику — to approve / to endorse a policy
оправдывать свою политику — to justify / to validate one's policy
определять политику — to shape / to determine the policy
осуждать чью-л политику — to condemn smb.'s policy
отказаться от проводимой политики — to abandon / to give up / to drop the policy
очернить чью-л. политику — to denigrate smb.'s policy
пересмотреть свою политику — to re-examine / to review / to revise one's policy
поддерживать политику — to uphold / to support a policy
проводить политику — to carry on / to conduct / to follow / to pursue a policy
смягчить политику в отношении какой-л. страны — to moderate a policy toward a country
стать приверженцем какой-л. политики — to commit oneself to a policy
авантюристическая политика — policy of adventure, adventurist(ic) policy
аграрная политика — agrarian / farm policy
агрессивная политика, политика агрессии — policy of aggression, aggressive policy
аннексионистская политика, политика аннексий — policy of annexation, annexationist policy
близорукая / недальновидная политика — shallow / short-sighted policy
"большая политика" — "big politics"
внешняя политика — foreign / external / exterior policy / politics
выступать против чьей-л. внешней политики — to attack smb.'s foreign / policy
дискредитировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to discredit smb.'s foreign policy
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adopt one's foreign policy to smth.
клеветать на чью-л. внешнюю политику — to libel smb.'s foreign policy
неправильно понимать / интерпретировать чью-л. внешнюю политику — to misunderstand smb.'s foreign policy
пересмотреть предпосылки (своей) внешней политики — to re-examine the premises of one's foreign policy
скрывать истинный характер (своей) внешней политики — to disguise the true nature of one's foreign policy
главный / центральный вопрос внешней политики — core of foreign policy
изменения / сдвиги во внешней политике — shifts in foreign policy
определяющий / решающий фактор внешней политики — key determinant factor of foreign policy
цели (и задачи) внешней политики — objectives of foreign policy, foreign policy objectives
внутренняя политика — domestic / internal / home policy / politics
воинственная политика — fighting / belligerent policy
выжидательная политика — wait-and-see / temporizing / expectant / Fabian policy, waiting game
дальновидная политика — forward-looking / far-sighted policy
денежно-кредитная / монетарная политика — monetary policy
эффективность денежно-кредитной политики — effectiveness / strength of monetary policy
захватническая политика — annexationist / expansionist policy
кадровая политика — cadres / personnel policy
капитулянтская политика — defeatist policy, policy of defeat / capitulation
классовая политика — class / class-motivated policy
кредитная политика — credit control, lending / credit / crediting policy
международная политика — international policy / politics
изменить внешнюю политику применительно к чему-л. — to adapt international policy to smth.
радикально изменить внешнюю политику — radically to change / to reverse international policy
мирная политика, политика мира — policy of peace
мировая политика — world politics / policy
миролюбивая политика — peace / peaceable / peaceful policy
придерживаться миролюбивой политики — to abide by / to adhere to a peaceful policy
надклассовая политика — aboveclass policy, policy independent of class
налоговая политика — fiscal / tax / taxation policy
наступательная политика — vigorous / active policy
независимая политика — policy of go-it-alone, independent policy
нереальная / оторванная от жизни политика — unrealistic politics
последовательная политика — coherent / consistent policy
расистская иммиграционная политика — racist / racial immigration policy, racist policy on immigration
реваншистская политика — revenge-seeking / revanchist policy
согласованная политика — coordinated / agreed policy
соглашательская политика — policy of class collaboration / conciliation / compromise
тонкая политика — subtle policy; kid-glove policy амер. разг.
торговая политика — trade / commercial policy
трезвая политика — sober / sound policy
умеренная политика — middle-of-the-road / moderate policy
финансово-бюджетная / фискальная политика — fiscal policy
в фарватере чьей-л. политики — in the wake of smb.'s policy
политика балансирования на грани войны — brink-of-war policy; policy of brinkmanship амер.
политика "большой дубинки" (политика открытого вмешательства США во внутренние дела латиноамериканских стран до 1933 г.) — Big Stick policy
политика булавочных / мелких уколов — policy of pin-pricks
политика, ведущая к инфляции — inflationary policy
политика взаимных уступок — give-and-take policy, policy of accommodation
"политика выкручивания рук" — arm-twisting policy, policy of arm-twisting
политика государства, направленная на усиление своего господства — power politics
политика дальнего прицела — far-reaching / range policy
"политика дефляции" — "deflation policy"
"политика доброго соседа" (политика США в отношении стран Латинской Америки, провозглашённая президентом Ф.Д. Рузвельтом, 1933-45 гг.) — "good-neighbour policy"
"политика завинчивания гаек" по отношению к кому-л. — "policy of tightening the screws" on smb.
политика "замораживания" (приостановки роста доходов) — incomes standstill policy
политика запугивания — policy of intimidation / deterrence
политика затыкания рта парл. разг. — gag law (rule)
политика корректирования / приспособления — adjustment policy
политика мира — policy of peace, peace policy
"политика монетаризма" — monetarist policy
"политика наведения мостов" — policy of bridge-building
политика, направленная на стимулирование экономического роста — expansionary policy
политика невмешательства — policy of noninterference, let alone / hands-off policy
"политика открытых дверей" ("равных возможностей" капиталовложений в определённых странах) — open-door policy
"политика открытого неба" — open-skies policy
"политика плаща и кинжала" — cloak and dagger policy
политика, построенная на заблуждениях — policy built on delusions
политика, проводимая в пользу одной партии — partisan politics / policy
политика с позиции силы — position-of-strength policy, policy of force
политика сдерживания роста заработной платы — wage-freeze policy, политика сильной руки machismo исп.
"политика увязок" — policy of linkage
политика холодной войны — cold war politics / policy
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5 policy
In1) политика- buck smb.'s policy- attack smb.'s policy- condemn smb.'s policy- have misgivings about smb.'s policy2) линия поведения; курс, стратегия•- discredit smb.'s foreign policy- denigrate smb.'s foreign policy- misunderstand smb.'s foreign policy- libel smb.'s foreign policy- detect the true nature of smb.'s foreign policyIIn -
6 на
I прийм.1) (при позначенні місця: зверху, на поверхні чогось) on, upon2) (при позначенні місцевостей, регіонів, вулиць) in; (при позначенні закладів, занять тощо) atна березі — on shore, ashore; on the beach; on the (river-)bank
на вулиці — in the street; out of doors, outdoors
на безпечній відстані — clear (of), at a safe distance ( from)
на невеликій відстані — at a short distance, a short way off; at close range, in close proximity (to)
4) ( при позначенні напрямку) to, towardsкласти на місце — to put back in place, to replace
на схід від — to the east of, eastward(s) of
5) ( при позначенні часу) on, at; ( протягом) during; ( при позначенні строку) for; ( при позначенні крайнього строку) by, towardsна початок 20-го ст. — by 20th century
на другий день — ( the) next day
на той час — by that time, by then
на цей час — by this, by now
7) ( при позначенні хвороби) with8) (згідно з, відповідно до) by, in, toна мою думку, на мій погляд — in my opinion
9) (y значенні "для") for10) ( при позначенні одиниці виміру) by11) ( при множенні і діленні) by12) ( при позначенні результату ділення) in, into, toрізати на шматки — to cut in ( into) pieces
13) ( при позначенні кількісної різниці) byна метр коротший — a metre shorter, shorter by a metre
14) ( при позначенні засобів до існування) on15) ( при позначенні засобу пересування) by16) (при позначенні зміни, переходу до іншого стану) into, to17)на щастя — fortunately, luckily
на біду (на жаль) — unfortunately, unluckily, unhappily, alas
на вагу — by weight; specific gravity
на вибір — for choice, of one's choice, at one's discretion
на віру — on trust, on faith
на всіх вітрилах — under/in full sail, with all sails set
на всякий випадок — just in case, to make sure; to be on the safe side
на голодний шлунок — on an empty stomach/belly
на душу (населення) — per head, per capita
на межі — on the verge of, on the brink of
на око — approximately, by eye
на моїй совісті — on ( upon) my conscience
IIна вигляд — by sight/appearance; in appearance, by sight, to judge from appearances
( візьми) here; here you are; here, take it -
7 hart
firm; oppressive; austere; stern; hard-line; hard; tough; severe* * *hạrt [hart]1. adj comp - er['hɛrtɐ] superl -este(r, s) ['hɛrtəstə]1) (= nicht weich, nicht sanft) hard; Matratze, Bett, Federung, Apfelschale hard, firm; Aufprall, Ruck violent, hard; Wind strong; Ei hard-boiledhart werden — to get hard, to harden
er hat einen harten Leib (Med old) — he is constipated
ein hartes Herz haben (fig) — to have a hard heart, to be hard-hearted
hart wie Stahl/Stein — as hard as steel/stone
2) (= scharf) Konturen, Kontrast, Formen sharp; (PHOT ) Negativ sharp; (Gesichts)züge, Konsonant hard; Licht harsh, hard; Klang, Ton, Aussprache, Akzent harsh3) (= rau) Spiel, Gegner rough; (fig ) Getränke strong; Droge hard; Porno hard-core; Kriminalfilm etc, Western tough4) (= widerstandsfähig, robust) toughgelobt sei, was hart macht (prov, usu iro) — treat 'em rough, make 'em tough! (inf)
in harten Dollars — in hard dollars
6) (= streng, gnadenlos, kompromisslos) Mensch, Kampf hard; Wort strong, harsh; Winter, Frost, Vertragsbedingung hard, severe; Strafe, Urteil, Kritik severe, harsh; Maßnahmen, Gesetze, Politik, Kurs tough; Auseinandersetzung violentder harte Kern einer Vereinigung — the hard core of an organization
hart bleiben — to stand or remain firm
hart mit jdm sein — to be hard on sb, to be harsh with sb
7) (= schwer zu ertragen) Los, Schicksal, Tatsache hard, cruel; Verlust cruel; Wirklichkeit, Wahrheit harshes war sehr hart für ihn, dass er... — it was very hard for him to...
oh, das war hart! (inf: Witz etc) — oh, that was painful!
8) (= mühevoll, anstrengend) Arbeit, Leben, Zeiten hard, tough10) (COMPUT) Trennung, Zeilenumbruch hard2. adv comp -er,superl am -esten1) (= nicht weich) harder schläft gern[e] hart — he likes sleeping on a hard surface/bed
hart gefroren — frozen, frozen stiff pred, frozen solid pred
hart gekocht or gesotten (Aus) (Ei) — hard-boiled; Mensch hard-baked (inf), hard-boiled
2) (= scharf) kontrastiert sharplyhart klingen (Sprache) — to sound hard; (Bemerkung) to sound harsh
hart bedrängt sein — to be put under pressure
hart einsteigen (Sport) — to go hard at it
jdn hart anfahren — to bite sb's head off (inf)
jdm hart zusetzen — to give sb a hard time
etw trifft jdn hart (lit, fig) — sth hits sb hard
hart spielen (Sport) — to play rough
4) (= streng) severely, harshlyhart durchgreifen — to take tough or rigorous action
jdn hart anfassen — to be hard on sb, to treat sb harshly
5) (= mühevoll) hardes kommt mich hart an (geh) — I find it hard
6) (= nahe) close (an +dat to)das ist hart an der Grenze der Legalität/des Zumutbaren — that's pushing legality/reasonableness to its (very) limit(s), that's on the very limits of legality/of what's reasonable
das ist hart an der Grenze zum Kriminellen/zum Kitsch — that's very close to being criminal/kitsch
wir fuhren hart am Abgrund vorbei (fig) — we were (very) close to disaster, we were on the (very) brink of disaster
* * *1) harshly2) ((of people, discipline etc) very strict; cruel: That is a very harsh punishment to give a young child.) harsh3) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) hard4) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) hard5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hard6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hard7) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hard8) rough9) ((often with with) severe: Don't be so sharp with the child!; She got a sharp reproach from me.) sharp* * *< härter, härteste>[hart]I. adj1. (opp: weich) hard; (straff) firm; KOCHK (fest im Zustand) hard; Bett hard; Matratze firm; Ei hard-boileddiese Früchte haben eine sehr \harte Schale these fruits have a very hard skineine Decke auf dem Fußboden wird ein \hartes Nachtlager sein a blanket on the floor will be a hard surface to sleep on; s.a. Nuss2. (heftig) severeein \harter Aufprall/Ruck a severe impact/jolt3. (unmelodisch) harsher spricht mit einem \harten Akzent he has a harsh accent4. FOTO, KUNST, MUS\harte Farben harsh colours\harte Formen sharp forms\hartes Licht harsh [or hard] lightdie Tarifverhandlungen werden härter als gewohnt werden wage negotiations will be tougher than usualdas war der härteste Film, den ich je gesehen habe that was the most violent film I have ever seen8. (abgehärtet, robust) toughSöldner sind \harte Kerle mercenaries are tough fellows▪ \hart werden to become tough [or hardened9. (stabil, sicher) stable\harte Währung hard currencyseine Mutter ist immer eine \harte Frau gewesen his mother has always been a hard womandas sind aber \harte Worte! those are harsh words!ein \harter Winter a severe [or harsh] winter▪ \hart mit jdm sein to be hard on sb11. (schwer zu ertragen) cruel, hardder Tod ihres Mannes war für sie ein \harter Schlag the death of her husband was a cruel blow for her\harte Zeiten hard timesdie \harte Realität/Wahrheit the harsh reality/truth▪ \hart für jdn sein, dass... to be hard on sb that...12. (mühevoll) hard, tough\harte Arbeit hard work13. (kalkhaltig)\hartes Wasser hard water14.wir werden keinen Deut nachgeben, auch wenn es \hart auf \hart geht we're not going to give an inch, even if it comes to the crunch▶ \hart im Nehmen sein (beim Boxen) to be able to take a lot of punishment; (in Bezug auf Schicksalsschläge) to be resilient▶ durch eine \harte Schule gegangen sein to have learnt it the hard wayII. adv1. (nicht weich) hardich schlafe lieber \hart I prefer to sleep on a firm surfaceder Boden ist bis in zwei Meter Tiefe \hart gefroren the ground is frozen solid to a depth of two metres\hart gekocht attr hard-boiled\hart gesotten hard-bitten2. (heftig)bei dem Sturz ist er so \hart gefallen, dass er sich das Bein brach he had such a severe fall that he broke his legsie prallte \hart auf die Windschutzscheibe auf she hit the windscreen with tremendous force3. (rau) harshlydie Sprache klingt in europäischen Ohren ganz \hart the language sounds quite harsh to a European ear4. (streng) severelydu verhältst dich ihr gegenüber zu \hart you're behaving too harshly towards her5. (mühevoll) hard\hart arbeiten to work hard6. (unmittelbar) closedas Auto kam \hart an dem steilen Abhang zum Stehen the car came to a halt just before the steep slope7.▶ jdn \hart anfassen to treat sb severelyauch wenn es mich \hart ankommt, ich muss bei meiner Entscheidung bleiben even if I find it hard I must stick by [or to] my decision▶ \hart durchgreifen to take tough [or rigorous] action▶ \hart gesotten hardeneder ist ein \hart gesottener Geschäftsmann, der alle Tricks kennt he's a hardened businessman who knows all the tricks▶ jdn \hart treffen to hit sb hardder Tod seiner Frau hat ihn doch \hart getroffen the death of his wife has hit him very hard▶ jdm \hart zusetzen to press sb hard* * *1.; härter, härtest... Adjektiv1) hardharte/hart gekochte Eier — hard-boiled eggs
hart gefroren — frozen solid; s. auch Nuss 1)
2) (abgehärtet) toughhart im Nehmen sein — (Schläge ertragen können) be able to take a punch; (Enttäuschungen ertragen können) be able to take the rough with the smooth
3) (schwer erträglich) hard <work, life, fate, lot, times>; tough <childhood, situation, job>; harsh <reality, truth>ein harter Schlag für jemanden sein — be a heavy or severe blow for somebody
4) (streng) severe, harsh < penalty, punishment, judgement>; tough <measure, law, course>; harsh < treatment>; severe, hard < features>6) (rau, scharf) rough <game, opponent>; hard, severe < winter, frost>; harsh <accent, contrast>2.1) (mühevoll) < work> hard2) (streng) severely; harshly3) (heftig)jemandem hart zusetzen, jemanden hart bedrängen — press somebody hard
4) (nahe) close (an + Dat. to)hart am Wind segeln — (Seemannsspr.) sail near or close to the wind
* * *hart; härter, am härtestenA. adj1. allg, auch Bleistift, Wasser: hard; Brot: auch stale; Ei: hard-boiled; (fest) firm, solid; (steif) rigid;hart wie Stahl/Stein hard as steel/a rock,hart und geschwollen hard and swollen;hart werden harden; Zement etc: auch set;der Reis ist noch ganz hart the rice is still quite hardharter Bursche hard man;hart im Nehmen sein be able to take it, be tough;gelobt sei, was hart macht etwa when the going gets tough, the tough get going; treat them rough, make them tough4. fig seelisch: hard; (gefühllos) auch hard-hearted, unfeeling; (streng) severe, tough umg; (unerbittlich) relentless; Stimme, Strafe etc: severe, harsh; Worte: harsh;zu jemandem hart sein be hard on sb;er blieb hart he was adamant, he wouldn’t relent;harte Auseinandersetzung violent argument;ein hartes Spiel SPORT a tough game;die Enttäuschungen hatten ihn hart gemacht he was a man hardened by disappointments5. fig (schwer) hard, tough umg; Winter: auch severe;harte Arbeit hard work;hartes Los hard lot;harter Schlag/Verlust heavy blow/loss;harte Zeiten hard times;das war ein harter Kampf it was a hard fight;auf eine harte Probe stellen put severely to the test;einen harten Stand haben have a hard time (of it);6. fig Drogen, Konsonant, Strahlen, Tatsachen, Währung: hard; Licht, Ton, Aussprache, Gegensätze etc: harsh; Kontrast, Konturen, Negativ etc: sharp; Krimi, Western etc: hard-bitten; Porno: hard(-core);B. adv1.hart gekocht hard-boiled;ich schlafe gerne hart I like sleeping on a hard mattress2.hart aneinandergeraten come to blows, go at each other hammer and tongs umg;jemanden hart anfassen be firm (umg tough) with sb;es kommt ihn hart an it’s hard on him, he’s finding it hard;hart arbeiten work hard;jemandem hart zusetzen put sb under a lot of pressure;hart durchgreifen take stern ( oder tough) measures;es ging hart auf hart it was a pitched battle; bei Verhandlungen: auch both sides were driving a hard bargain;wenn es hart auf hart kommt when it comes to the crunch;jemanden hart treffen hit sb hard;hart umkämpft hotly contested3.hart an der Grenze des Erlaubten/Machbaren etc very close to the limit of what is permissible/feasible;hart an der Grenze zur Beleidigung etc very close to being an insult;hart vorbeistreifen an (+dat) graze;hart am Wind segeln sail close to the wind;* * *1.; härter, härtest... Adjektiv1) hardharte/hart gekochte Eier — hard-boiled eggs
hart gefroren — frozen solid; s. auch Nuss 1)
2) (abgehärtet) toughhart im Nehmen sein — (Schläge ertragen können) be able to take a punch; (Enttäuschungen ertragen können) be able to take the rough with the smooth
3) (schwer erträglich) hard <work, life, fate, lot, times>; tough <childhood, situation, job>; harsh <reality, truth>ein harter Schlag für jemanden sein — be a heavy or severe blow for somebody
4) (streng) severe, harsh <penalty, punishment, judgement>; tough <measure, law, course>; harsh < treatment>; severe, hard < features>6) (rau, scharf) rough <game, opponent>; hard, severe <winter, frost>; harsh <accent, contrast>2.1) (mühevoll) < work> hard2) (streng) severely; harshly3) (heftig)jemandem hart zusetzen, jemanden hart bedrängen — press somebody hard
4) (nahe) close (an + Dat. to)hart am Wind segeln — (Seemannsspr.) sail near or close to the wind
* * *(Wasser) adj.hard adj. adj.callous adj.firm adj.hard adj.rigorous adj.severe adj. adv.callously adv.hardly adv.rigorously adv.toughly adv.
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